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recombinant wnt2 protein  (Cusabio)


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    Structured Review

    Cusabio recombinant wnt2 protein
    Figure 6. Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC upregulates <t>Wnt2</t> expression in the corpus callosum. a) Heatmap of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 3 per group. b) Volcano plot of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery (fold change > 2; p < 0.05). The DEGs are listed. n = 3 per group. c) Real-time PCR for validation of the identified DEGs among the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. d) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. e) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in different types of primary cortical neural cells. n = 3 per group. f) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. g) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of immunostaining of Wnt2 in the h) mPFC and i) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. j) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. k) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of Wnt2 immunostaining in the l) mPFC and m) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. p-values were determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis in (d); by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis in (c) and (e); and by Student’s t-test in (h), (i), (l), and (m). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
    Recombinant Wnt2 Protein, supplied by Cusabio, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 93/100, based on 8 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/recombinant+wnt2+protein/pm36529961-387-12-15?v=Cusabio
    Average 93 stars, based on 8 article reviews
    recombinant wnt2 protein - by Bioz Stars, 2026-08
    93/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "Optogenetic Stimulation of mPFC Alleviates White Matter Injury-Related Cognitive Decline after Chronic Ischemia through Adaptive Myelination."

    Article Title: Optogenetic Stimulation of mPFC Alleviates White Matter Injury-Related Cognitive Decline after Chronic Ischemia through Adaptive Myelination.

    Journal: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202202976

    Figure 6. Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC upregulates Wnt2 expression in the corpus callosum. a) Heatmap of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 3 per group. b) Volcano plot of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery (fold change > 2; p < 0.05). The DEGs are listed. n = 3 per group. c) Real-time PCR for validation of the identified DEGs among the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. d) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. e) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in different types of primary cortical neural cells. n = 3 per group. f) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. g) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of immunostaining of Wnt2 in the h) mPFC and i) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. j) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. k) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of Wnt2 immunostaining in the l) mPFC and m) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. p-values were determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis in (d); by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis in (c) and (e); and by Student’s t-test in (h), (i), (l), and (m). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 6. Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC upregulates Wnt2 expression in the corpus callosum. a) Heatmap of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 3 per group. b) Volcano plot of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery (fold change > 2; p < 0.05). The DEGs are listed. n = 3 per group. c) Real-time PCR for validation of the identified DEGs among the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. d) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. e) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in different types of primary cortical neural cells. n = 3 per group. f) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. g) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of immunostaining of Wnt2 in the h) mPFC and i) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. j) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. k) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of Wnt2 immunostaining in the l) mPFC and m) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. p-values were determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis in (d); by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis in (c) and (e); and by Student’s t-test in (h), (i), (l), and (m). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

    Techniques Used: Activation Assay, Expressing, Microarray, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biomarker Discovery, Immunostaining

    Figure 7. Overexpression of Wnt2 in mPFC glutamatergic neurons alleviates myelin injury and improves cognition. Results of the a) Y-maze and b) T-maze tests showing the spontaneous alternation percentage in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 15–16 per group. Results of the open field test showing c) the total distance travelled and d) time spent in the corner area and e) center area in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 15–16 per group. f) Heatmaps generated from DTI axial views of FA acquired from the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. g) Quantification of FA values in the corpus callosum in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after
    Figure Legend Snippet: Figure 7. Overexpression of Wnt2 in mPFC glutamatergic neurons alleviates myelin injury and improves cognition. Results of the a) Y-maze and b) T-maze tests showing the spontaneous alternation percentage in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 15–16 per group. Results of the open field test showing c) the total distance travelled and d) time spent in the corner area and e) center area in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 15–16 per group. f) Heatmaps generated from DTI axial views of FA acquired from the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. g) Quantification of FA values in the corpus callosum in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after

    Techniques Used: Over Expression, Control, Generated



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    Figure 6. Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC upregulates <t>Wnt2</t> expression in the corpus callosum. a) Heatmap of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 3 per group. b) Volcano plot of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery (fold change > 2; p < 0.05). The DEGs are listed. n = 3 per group. c) Real-time PCR for validation of the identified DEGs among the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. d) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. e) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in different types of primary cortical neural cells. n = 3 per group. f) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. g) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of immunostaining of Wnt2 in the h) mPFC and i) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. j) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. k) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of Wnt2 immunostaining in the l) mPFC and m) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. p-values were determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis in (d); by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis in (c) and (e); and by Student’s t-test in (h), (i), (l), and (m). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
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    Figure 6. Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC upregulates <t>Wnt2</t> expression in the corpus callosum. a) Heatmap of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 3 per group. b) Volcano plot of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery (fold change > 2; p < 0.05). The DEGs are listed. n = 3 per group. c) Real-time PCR for validation of the identified DEGs among the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. d) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. e) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in different types of primary cortical neural cells. n = 3 per group. f) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. g) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of immunostaining of Wnt2 in the h) mPFC and i) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. j) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. k) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of Wnt2 immunostaining in the l) mPFC and m) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. p-values were determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis in (d); by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis in (c) and (e); and by Student’s t-test in (h), (i), (l), and (m). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
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    ( A ) Double in situ hybridization for Rspo3 (green), Wnt9b (green) and <t>Wnt2</t> (green) showing a few LSCEs ( Lyve1 + , red) expressing those transcripts (blue arrows and inset) in P2 livers. Only Wnt2 transcripts are detected in some LSECs (inset) in P60 livers. Arrows indicate central vein endothelial cells and arrowheads indicate LSECs. Scale bars: 25 μm. Each image is representative of 3 individual mice ( n = 3). ( B ) Double-immunofluorescence results show that hepatic Zones 3 (GS + ) and 2/3 (Cyp2e1 + ) are densely irrigated by the hepatic sinusoids (Lyve1 + , arrows) in P2, P15 and P30 wildtype livers. The sinusoidal vasculature (arrows) is also in direct contact with claudin-2/GFP + hepatocytes in P2, P15 and P30 Cldn2-EGFP livers. Scale bars: 50 μm. Each image is representative of 2–4 individual mice ( n = 2–4). ( C ) P2, Quantitative double immunofluorescence results show that Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + , claudin-2/GFP + ) is relatively unchanged and Zone 3 (GS + ) is significantly reduced in Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers at P2. E-cadherin expression (arrows) is indistinguishable in P2 livers with or without endothelial Wls -deletion. P30, Similar quantitative results demonstrate that GS + hepatocytes are nearly absent, Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + /GFP + ) is significantly reduced and restricted to pericentral areas, and E-cadherin expression (arrows, arrowheads are GFP + hepatocytes) is expanded towards the central veins in P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers. 3–4 representative fields from three individual livers of each genotype were used for quantification. p values were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t -test, NS , not significant (p>0.05), *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. Arrows indicate GFP-double positive hepatocytes, white arrowheads are GFP + hepatocytes and yellow arrowheads are GFP – hepatocytes. Scale bars: 100 µm ( D ) Q-PCR results demonstrate reduced expression of Zone 2/3 transcripts, increased expression of Zone 1 transcripts, and normal levels of the hepatocyte transcript Prox1 , in adult Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f livers ( n = 3). p values were determined by two-way ANOVA, NS , not significant (p>0.05), *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. ( E ) Q-PCR results showing the effects of culturing AML-12 mouse hepatic cells with CHIR99021, Wnt2, Wntb9, or Wnt2/Wnt9b plus Rspo3 on Axin2 , Cyp2e1 , Glul and Cldn2 expression. p values from two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test, *p<0.05, ***p<0.01; n = 6. ( A–C ) Asterisks indicate central vein lumens. Related data can be found in – . Figure 3—source data 1. Quantification of GS+, Cyp2e1+ and claudin-2/GFP+ areas and the relative abundance of claudin-2/GFP+ hepatocytes in P2 and P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers, and Quantification of Wnt/β-catenin target genes expression of P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers.
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    ( A ) Double in situ hybridization for Rspo3 (green), Wnt9b (green) and <t>Wnt2</t> (green) showing a few LSCEs ( Lyve1 + , red) expressing those transcripts (blue arrows and inset) in P2 livers. Only Wnt2 transcripts are detected in some LSECs (inset) in P60 livers. Arrows indicate central vein endothelial cells and arrowheads indicate LSECs. Scale bars: 25 μm. Each image is representative of 3 individual mice ( n = 3). ( B ) Double-immunofluorescence results show that hepatic Zones 3 (GS + ) and 2/3 (Cyp2e1 + ) are densely irrigated by the hepatic sinusoids (Lyve1 + , arrows) in P2, P15 and P30 wildtype livers. The sinusoidal vasculature (arrows) is also in direct contact with claudin-2/GFP + hepatocytes in P2, P15 and P30 Cldn2-EGFP livers. Scale bars: 50 μm. Each image is representative of 2–4 individual mice ( n = 2–4). ( C ) P2, Quantitative double immunofluorescence results show that Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + , claudin-2/GFP + ) is relatively unchanged and Zone 3 (GS + ) is significantly reduced in Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers at P2. E-cadherin expression (arrows) is indistinguishable in P2 livers with or without endothelial Wls -deletion. P30, Similar quantitative results demonstrate that GS + hepatocytes are nearly absent, Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + /GFP + ) is significantly reduced and restricted to pericentral areas, and E-cadherin expression (arrows, arrowheads are GFP + hepatocytes) is expanded towards the central veins in P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers. 3–4 representative fields from three individual livers of each genotype were used for quantification. p values were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t -test, NS , not significant (p>0.05), *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. Arrows indicate GFP-double positive hepatocytes, white arrowheads are GFP + hepatocytes and yellow arrowheads are GFP – hepatocytes. Scale bars: 100 µm ( D ) Q-PCR results demonstrate reduced expression of Zone 2/3 transcripts, increased expression of Zone 1 transcripts, and normal levels of the hepatocyte transcript Prox1 , in adult Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f livers ( n = 3). p values were determined by two-way ANOVA, NS , not significant (p>0.05), *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. ( E ) Q-PCR results showing the effects of culturing AML-12 mouse hepatic cells with CHIR99021, Wnt2, Wntb9, or Wnt2/Wnt9b plus Rspo3 on Axin2 , Cyp2e1 , Glul and Cldn2 expression. p values from two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test, *p<0.05, ***p<0.01; n = 6. ( A–C ) Asterisks indicate central vein lumens. Related data can be found in – . Figure 3—source data 1. Quantification of GS+, Cyp2e1+ and claudin-2/GFP+ areas and the relative abundance of claudin-2/GFP+ hepatocytes in P2 and P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers, and Quantification of Wnt/β-catenin target genes expression of P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers.
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    Figure 6. Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC upregulates Wnt2 expression in the corpus callosum. a) Heatmap of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 3 per group. b) Volcano plot of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery (fold change > 2; p < 0.05). The DEGs are listed. n = 3 per group. c) Real-time PCR for validation of the identified DEGs among the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. d) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. e) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in different types of primary cortical neural cells. n = 3 per group. f) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. g) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of immunostaining of Wnt2 in the h) mPFC and i) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. j) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. k) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of Wnt2 immunostaining in the l) mPFC and m) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. p-values were determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis in (d); by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis in (c) and (e); and by Student’s t-test in (h), (i), (l), and (m). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

    Journal: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

    Article Title: Optogenetic Stimulation of mPFC Alleviates White Matter Injury-Related Cognitive Decline after Chronic Ischemia through Adaptive Myelination.

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202202976

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. Activation of glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC upregulates Wnt2 expression in the corpus callosum. a) Heatmap of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 3 per group. b) Volcano plot of the results of mPFC tissue microarray analysis between the BCAS mCherry and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery (fold change > 2; p < 0.05). The DEGs are listed. n = 3 per group. c) Real-time PCR for validation of the identified DEGs among the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. d) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 7–8 per group. e) Real-time PCR analysis of Wnt2 expression in different types of primary cortical neural cells. n = 3 per group. f) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. g) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of immunostaining of Wnt2 in the h) mPFC and i) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS ChR2 groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. j) Representative immunostaining of NeuN and Wnt2 in the mPFC in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 50 μm. k) Representative immunostaining of NF-H and Wnt2 in the corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. Scale bar: 35 μm. Quantification of Wnt2 immunostaining in the l) mPFC and m) corpus callosum in the sham mCherry, BCAS mCherry, and BCAS hM3D groups at 2 months after surgery. The fluorescence intensity in each image was normalized to that of NeuN and NF-H. The measured values were normalized to the mean value of the BCAS group. n = 3 per group. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. p-values were determined by the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s post-hoc analysis in (d); by 1-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis in (c) and (e); and by Student’s t-test in (h), (i), (l), and (m). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

    Article Snippet: Afterward, 50 ng mL−1 T3 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), 200 ng mL−1 recombinant Wnt2 protein (Cusabio, China), 100 ng mL−1 recombinant Dkk1 protein (Cusabio, China) and basic medium DMEM F12 supplemented with 2% B27, 100 U mL−1 antibiotics, and 20 ng mL−1 CNTF (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) were applied to induce differentiation.

    Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Microarray, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Biomarker Discovery, Immunostaining

    Figure 7. Overexpression of Wnt2 in mPFC glutamatergic neurons alleviates myelin injury and improves cognition. Results of the a) Y-maze and b) T-maze tests showing the spontaneous alternation percentage in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 15–16 per group. Results of the open field test showing c) the total distance travelled and d) time spent in the corner area and e) center area in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 15–16 per group. f) Heatmaps generated from DTI axial views of FA acquired from the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. g) Quantification of FA values in the corpus callosum in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after

    Journal: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

    Article Title: Optogenetic Stimulation of mPFC Alleviates White Matter Injury-Related Cognitive Decline after Chronic Ischemia through Adaptive Myelination.

    doi: 10.1002/advs.202202976

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Overexpression of Wnt2 in mPFC glutamatergic neurons alleviates myelin injury and improves cognition. Results of the a) Y-maze and b) T-maze tests showing the spontaneous alternation percentage in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 15–16 per group. Results of the open field test showing c) the total distance travelled and d) time spent in the corner area and e) center area in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. n = 15–16 per group. f) Heatmaps generated from DTI axial views of FA acquired from the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after surgery. g) Quantification of FA values in the corpus callosum in the control and Camk2a-Wnt2 groups at 2 months after

    Article Snippet: Afterward, 50 ng mL−1 T3 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), 200 ng mL−1 recombinant Wnt2 protein (Cusabio, China), 100 ng mL−1 recombinant Dkk1 protein (Cusabio, China) and basic medium DMEM F12 supplemented with 2% B27, 100 U mL−1 antibiotics, and 20 ng mL−1 CNTF (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) were applied to induce differentiation.

    Techniques: Over Expression, Control, Generated

    ( A ) Double in situ hybridization for Rspo3 (green), Wnt9b (green) and Wnt2 (green) showing a few LSCEs ( Lyve1 + , red) expressing those transcripts (blue arrows and inset) in P2 livers. Only Wnt2 transcripts are detected in some LSECs (inset) in P60 livers. Arrows indicate central vein endothelial cells and arrowheads indicate LSECs. Scale bars: 25 μm. Each image is representative of 3 individual mice ( n = 3). ( B ) Double-immunofluorescence results show that hepatic Zones 3 (GS + ) and 2/3 (Cyp2e1 + ) are densely irrigated by the hepatic sinusoids (Lyve1 + , arrows) in P2, P15 and P30 wildtype livers. The sinusoidal vasculature (arrows) is also in direct contact with claudin-2/GFP + hepatocytes in P2, P15 and P30 Cldn2-EGFP livers. Scale bars: 50 μm. Each image is representative of 2–4 individual mice ( n = 2–4). ( C ) P2, Quantitative double immunofluorescence results show that Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + , claudin-2/GFP + ) is relatively unchanged and Zone 3 (GS + ) is significantly reduced in Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers at P2. E-cadherin expression (arrows) is indistinguishable in P2 livers with or without endothelial Wls -deletion. P30, Similar quantitative results demonstrate that GS + hepatocytes are nearly absent, Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + /GFP + ) is significantly reduced and restricted to pericentral areas, and E-cadherin expression (arrows, arrowheads are GFP + hepatocytes) is expanded towards the central veins in P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers. 3–4 representative fields from three individual livers of each genotype were used for quantification. p values were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t -test, NS , not significant (p>0.05), *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. Arrows indicate GFP-double positive hepatocytes, white arrowheads are GFP + hepatocytes and yellow arrowheads are GFP – hepatocytes. Scale bars: 100 µm ( D ) Q-PCR results demonstrate reduced expression of Zone 2/3 transcripts, increased expression of Zone 1 transcripts, and normal levels of the hepatocyte transcript Prox1 , in adult Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f livers ( n = 3). p values were determined by two-way ANOVA, NS , not significant (p>0.05), *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. ( E ) Q-PCR results showing the effects of culturing AML-12 mouse hepatic cells with CHIR99021, Wnt2, Wntb9, or Wnt2/Wnt9b plus Rspo3 on Axin2 , Cyp2e1 , Glul and Cldn2 expression. p values from two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test, *p<0.05, ***p<0.01; n = 6. ( A–C ) Asterisks indicate central vein lumens. Related data can be found in – . Figure 3—source data 1. Quantification of GS+, Cyp2e1+ and claudin-2/GFP+ areas and the relative abundance of claudin-2/GFP+ hepatocytes in P2 and P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers, and Quantification of Wnt/β-catenin target genes expression of P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers.

    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: Metabolic and non-metabolic liver zonation is established non-synchronously and requires sinusoidal Wnts

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.46206

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) Double in situ hybridization for Rspo3 (green), Wnt9b (green) and Wnt2 (green) showing a few LSCEs ( Lyve1 + , red) expressing those transcripts (blue arrows and inset) in P2 livers. Only Wnt2 transcripts are detected in some LSECs (inset) in P60 livers. Arrows indicate central vein endothelial cells and arrowheads indicate LSECs. Scale bars: 25 μm. Each image is representative of 3 individual mice ( n = 3). ( B ) Double-immunofluorescence results show that hepatic Zones 3 (GS + ) and 2/3 (Cyp2e1 + ) are densely irrigated by the hepatic sinusoids (Lyve1 + , arrows) in P2, P15 and P30 wildtype livers. The sinusoidal vasculature (arrows) is also in direct contact with claudin-2/GFP + hepatocytes in P2, P15 and P30 Cldn2-EGFP livers. Scale bars: 50 μm. Each image is representative of 2–4 individual mice ( n = 2–4). ( C ) P2, Quantitative double immunofluorescence results show that Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + , claudin-2/GFP + ) is relatively unchanged and Zone 3 (GS + ) is significantly reduced in Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers at P2. E-cadherin expression (arrows) is indistinguishable in P2 livers with or without endothelial Wls -deletion. P30, Similar quantitative results demonstrate that GS + hepatocytes are nearly absent, Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + /GFP + ) is significantly reduced and restricted to pericentral areas, and E-cadherin expression (arrows, arrowheads are GFP + hepatocytes) is expanded towards the central veins in P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers. 3–4 representative fields from three individual livers of each genotype were used for quantification. p values were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t -test, NS , not significant (p>0.05), *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. Arrows indicate GFP-double positive hepatocytes, white arrowheads are GFP + hepatocytes and yellow arrowheads are GFP – hepatocytes. Scale bars: 100 µm ( D ) Q-PCR results demonstrate reduced expression of Zone 2/3 transcripts, increased expression of Zone 1 transcripts, and normal levels of the hepatocyte transcript Prox1 , in adult Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f livers ( n = 3). p values were determined by two-way ANOVA, NS , not significant (p>0.05), *p<0.05, ***p<0.001. ( E ) Q-PCR results showing the effects of culturing AML-12 mouse hepatic cells with CHIR99021, Wnt2, Wntb9, or Wnt2/Wnt9b plus Rspo3 on Axin2 , Cyp2e1 , Glul and Cldn2 expression. p values from two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test, *p<0.05, ***p<0.01; n = 6. ( A–C ) Asterisks indicate central vein lumens. Related data can be found in – . Figure 3—source data 1. Quantification of GS+, Cyp2e1+ and claudin-2/GFP+ areas and the relative abundance of claudin-2/GFP+ hepatocytes in P2 and P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers, and Quantification of Wnt/β-catenin target genes expression of P30 Lyve1-Cre;Wls f/f ;Cldn2-GFP livers.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant protein , Wnt2 , Abnova , Cat. #: H00007472-P01 , (500 ng/ml).

    Techniques: In Situ Hybridization, Expressing, Immunofluorescence, Two Tailed Test

    ( A ) ( Left ) Schematic of CCl 4 administration and tissue harvesting using Cldn2-EGFP mice. ( Right ) Double-immunofluorescence results show physical association of claudin-2/GFP + hepatocytes (arrows) with hepatic endothelial cells (PECAM + ) throughout the recovery period that follows CCl 4 -acute injury. ( B ) ( Top, left ) Schematic of the experimental strategy and tissue harvesting. ALT/AST serum levels demonstrate that CCl 4 promotes liver damage in Cdh5-CreERT2 and Cdh5-CreERT2;Wls f/f mice injected with tamoxifen. ( n = 3). p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test, NS , not significant (p>0.05), ***p<0.001. ( Right and bottom ) Diagrams indicate the experimental strategy and tissue harvesting. Double-immunofluorescence and quantitative results show progressive expansion and full restoration of Zone 3 (GS + , arrows) and Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + , arrows) and transient macrophage infiltrates (F4/80 + , arrows; arrowheads are Kupffer cells) in the liver of Cdh5-CreERT2 mice after acute CCl 4 administration. In contrast, Zone 3 is nearly absent, Zone 2 is significantly smaller, and Zone 1 is expanded, in Cdh5-CreERT2;Wls f/f livers 5-, 7- and 15 days post-CCl 4 . Perivenous macrophage infiltrates are observed in both Cdh5-CreERT2 and Cdh5-CreERT2;Wls f/f livers 5–7 days post-CCl 4 but not 15 days after CCl 4 administration. p values were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t -test, ***p<0.001, ( n = 3). ( C ) ( Left ) Schematic of CCl 4 administration and tissue harvesting. ( Right ) Triple-immunofluorescence results show that CD117 proteins are restricted to the Lyve-1 + /Lyve-1 LOW sinusoidal endothelium traversing Zones 2/3 in the normal and CCl 4 -injected (day 3) adult liver. ( D ) Schematic of CD117 + and Lyve1 + HECs isolation. Nonparenchymal liver cells (NPCs) were isolated using a two-step collagenase perfusion method and incubated with CD31-coated Dynabeads. The eluted CD31 + (HEC) fraction was incubated with CD117-coated Dynabeads to isolate CD117 + CD31 + (‘pericentral/perivenous’) HECs. The unbound fraction from this step was incubated with Lyve-1-coated Dynabeads to separate Lyve + CD31 + hepatic sinusoidal cells from other HECs. ( E ) QRT-PCR results show comparable Lyve1 transcript expression in CD117 + /CD31 + and Lyve1 + /CD31 + isolates from saline-injected (‘control’) or CCl 4 -injected (day 3) livers, lower Kit expression in LSECs from injured livers compared to control livers, and higher Wnt2 , Wnt9b and Rspo3 expression in LSECs from injured livers compared to control livers. (Three individual livers per condition were used to isolate LSECs.) ( A–C ) Each image represents 2–4 individual livers. Asterisks: central veins. ( B ) NS , not significant (p>0.05), ***p<0.001, ( n = 3). Scale bars: 50 μm ( C ), 100 μm ( A, B ). Figure 6—source data 1. Quantification of ALT/AST serum levels, GS, Cyp2e1 immunofluorescence in Cdh5-CreERT2;Wlsf/f livers post-CCl 4 injection.

    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: Metabolic and non-metabolic liver zonation is established non-synchronously and requires sinusoidal Wnts

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.46206

    Figure Lengend Snippet: ( A ) ( Left ) Schematic of CCl 4 administration and tissue harvesting using Cldn2-EGFP mice. ( Right ) Double-immunofluorescence results show physical association of claudin-2/GFP + hepatocytes (arrows) with hepatic endothelial cells (PECAM + ) throughout the recovery period that follows CCl 4 -acute injury. ( B ) ( Top, left ) Schematic of the experimental strategy and tissue harvesting. ALT/AST serum levels demonstrate that CCl 4 promotes liver damage in Cdh5-CreERT2 and Cdh5-CreERT2;Wls f/f mice injected with tamoxifen. ( n = 3). p values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test, NS , not significant (p>0.05), ***p<0.001. ( Right and bottom ) Diagrams indicate the experimental strategy and tissue harvesting. Double-immunofluorescence and quantitative results show progressive expansion and full restoration of Zone 3 (GS + , arrows) and Zone 2 (Cyp2e1 + , arrows) and transient macrophage infiltrates (F4/80 + , arrows; arrowheads are Kupffer cells) in the liver of Cdh5-CreERT2 mice after acute CCl 4 administration. In contrast, Zone 3 is nearly absent, Zone 2 is significantly smaller, and Zone 1 is expanded, in Cdh5-CreERT2;Wls f/f livers 5-, 7- and 15 days post-CCl 4 . Perivenous macrophage infiltrates are observed in both Cdh5-CreERT2 and Cdh5-CreERT2;Wls f/f livers 5–7 days post-CCl 4 but not 15 days after CCl 4 administration. p values were determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t -test, ***p<0.001, ( n = 3). ( C ) ( Left ) Schematic of CCl 4 administration and tissue harvesting. ( Right ) Triple-immunofluorescence results show that CD117 proteins are restricted to the Lyve-1 + /Lyve-1 LOW sinusoidal endothelium traversing Zones 2/3 in the normal and CCl 4 -injected (day 3) adult liver. ( D ) Schematic of CD117 + and Lyve1 + HECs isolation. Nonparenchymal liver cells (NPCs) were isolated using a two-step collagenase perfusion method and incubated with CD31-coated Dynabeads. The eluted CD31 + (HEC) fraction was incubated with CD117-coated Dynabeads to isolate CD117 + CD31 + (‘pericentral/perivenous’) HECs. The unbound fraction from this step was incubated with Lyve-1-coated Dynabeads to separate Lyve + CD31 + hepatic sinusoidal cells from other HECs. ( E ) QRT-PCR results show comparable Lyve1 transcript expression in CD117 + /CD31 + and Lyve1 + /CD31 + isolates from saline-injected (‘control’) or CCl 4 -injected (day 3) livers, lower Kit expression in LSECs from injured livers compared to control livers, and higher Wnt2 , Wnt9b and Rspo3 expression in LSECs from injured livers compared to control livers. (Three individual livers per condition were used to isolate LSECs.) ( A–C ) Each image represents 2–4 individual livers. Asterisks: central veins. ( B ) NS , not significant (p>0.05), ***p<0.001, ( n = 3). Scale bars: 50 μm ( C ), 100 μm ( A, B ). Figure 6—source data 1. Quantification of ALT/AST serum levels, GS, Cyp2e1 immunofluorescence in Cdh5-CreERT2;Wlsf/f livers post-CCl 4 injection.

    Article Snippet: Recombinant protein , Wnt2 , Abnova , Cat. #: H00007472-P01 , (500 ng/ml).

    Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Injection, Two Tailed Test, Isolation, Incubation, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Saline, Control

    Journal: eLife

    Article Title: Metabolic and non-metabolic liver zonation is established non-synchronously and requires sinusoidal Wnts

    doi: 10.7554/eLife.46206

    Figure Lengend Snippet:

    Article Snippet: Recombinant protein , Wnt2 , Abnova , Cat. #: H00007472-P01 , (500 ng/ml).

    Techniques: Imaging, cDNA Synthesis, Activity Assay, Plasmid Preparation, Western Blot, RNAscope, Positive Control, Negative Control, Sequencing, Cell Culture, Protease Inhibitor, Recombinant, Mutagenesis, Software